Kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kusamalira ma microscope opangidwa ndi opaleshoni

 

Chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kosalekeza ndi chitukuko cha sayansi, opaleshoni yalowa mu nthawi ya opaleshoni ya microsurgery.ma microscope opangidwa opaleshoniSikuti zimathandiza madokotala kuona bwino kapangidwe ka malo ochitira opaleshoni, komanso zimathandiza maopaleshoni osiyanasiyana ang'onoang'ono omwe sangachitike ndi maso, zomwe zimakulitsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa chithandizo cha opaleshoni, kupititsa patsogolo kulondola kwa opaleshoni komanso kuchuluka kwa odwala omwe amachiritsidwa. Pakadali pano,Ma maikulosikopu ogwiritsa ntchitozakhala chipangizo chachipatala chogwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse.Maikulosikopu a chipinda chochitira opaleshoniphatikizanima microscope opangidwa opaleshoni ya pakamwa, ma microscope a opaleshoni ya mano, ma microscope a opaleshoni ya mafupa, ma microscope ochitira opaleshoni ya maso, ma microscope ochitira opaleshoni ya mkodzo, ma microscope a opaleshoni ya otolaryngologicalndima microscope ochitira opaleshoni ya ubongo, pakati pa zina. Pali kusiyana pang'ono pakati pa opanga ndi zofunikira zama microscope opangidwa opaleshoni, koma nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofanana pankhani ya magwiridwe antchito ndi ntchito zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

1 Kapangidwe koyambira ka maikulosikopu ya opaleshoni

Opaleshoni nthawi zambiri imagwiritsa ntchitomaikulosikopu yoyimirira ya opaleshoni(pansi poyimirira), yomwe imadziwika ndi malo ake osinthasintha komanso kuyika kosavuta.Maikulosikopu Ochita Opaleshoni YachipatalaKawirikawiri zingagawidwe m'magawo anayi akuluakulu: makina, makina owonera, makina owunikira, ndi makina owonetsera.

1.1 Kachitidwe ka Makina:Mapangidwe apamwambaMa maikulosikopu ogwiritsa ntchitoKawirikawiri amakhala ndi makina ovuta okonza ndikuwongolera, kuonetsetsa kuti makina owunikira ndi owunikira amatha kusunthidwa mwachangu komanso mosavuta pamalo ofunikira. Makinawa amaphatikizapo: maziko, gudumu loyenda, brake, mzati waukulu, mkono wozungulira, mkono wopingasa, mkono wokwezera maikulosikopu, chosuntha cha XY chopingasa, ndi bolodi lowongolera pedal la phazi. Mkono wopingasa nthawi zambiri umapangidwa m'magulu awiri, ndi cholinga chothandiziramaikulosikopu yowonerakuti musunthe mwachangu pamalo ochitira opaleshoni mkati mwa mtunda wokulirapo momwe mungathere. Choyendetsa cha XY chopingasa chingathe kuyika bwino malo ochitira opaleshonimaikulosikopupamalo omwe mukufuna. Bolodi lowongolera pedal ya phazi limalamulira maikulosikopu kuti iyende mmwamba, pansi, kumanzere, kumanja, ndi kuyang'ana, ndipo lingathenso kusintha kukula ndi kuchepetsa kwa maikulosikopu. Dongosolo la makina ndi chigoba chaMaikulosi ogwiritsira ntchito zachipatala, kudziwa kuchuluka kwa kayendedwe kake. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito, onetsetsani kuti dongosololi lili lokhazikika.

1.2 Njira Yowonera:Dongosolo lowonera mumaikulosikopu ya opaleshoni yonsekwenikweni ndi chosinthikama microscope a stereo a binocularDongosolo lowonera limaphatikizapo: lenzi yolunjika, zoom system, beam splitter, program olunjika lenzi, specialized prism, ndi eyepiece. Pa opaleshoni, othandizira nthawi zambiri amafunika kugwirira ntchito limodzi, kotero dongosolo lowonera nthawi zambiri limapangidwa ngati binocular system ya anthu awiri.

1.3 Dongosolo la Kuunikira: MaikulosikopuKuunikira kungagawidwe m'mitundu iwiri: kuunikira kwamkati ndi kuunikira kwakunja. Ntchito yake ndi yokhudzana ndi zosowa zina zapadera, monga kuunikira kwa nyali ya maso. Dongosolo lowunikira limapangidwa ndi magetsi akuluakulu, magetsi othandizira, zingwe zowunikira, ndi zina zotero. Gwero la kuwala limawunikira chinthucho kuchokera kumbali kapena pamwamba, ndipo chithunzicho chimapangidwa ndi kuwala komwe kumawunikira kulowa mu lens yowunikira.

1.4 Dongosolo Lowonetsera:Ndi chitukuko chopitilira cha ukadaulo wa digito, chitukuko chogwira ntchito chama microscope ogwira ntchitoakulemera kwambiri.maikulosikopu yachipatala yochitidwa opaleshoniIli ndi kamera ya pa TV komanso makina ojambulira opaleshoni. Imatha kuwonetsa momwe opaleshoniyo ikuyendera mwachindunji pa TV kapena pa kompyuta, zomwe zimathandiza anthu ambiri kuwona momwe opaleshoniyo ikuyendera nthawi imodzi pa chowunikira. Yoyenera kuphunzitsa, kufufuza zasayansi, komanso kufunsa mafunso azachipatala.

2 Malangizo Ogwiritsira Ntchito

2.1 Maikulosikopu ya opaleshonindi chida chowunikira chomwe chili ndi njira zovuta zopangira, cholondola kwambiri, chokwera mtengo, chofooka komanso chovuta kuchibwezeretsa. Kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika kungayambitse kutayika kwakukulu. Chifukwa chake, musanagwiritse ntchito, muyenera kumvetsetsa kaye kapangidwe ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito kake.Maikulosi azachipatalaMusazungulize zomangira ndi zogwirira pa maikulosikopu mwachisawawa, kapena kuwononga kwambiri; Chidacho sichingachotsedwe mwakufuna, chifukwa maikulosikopu amafunika kulondola kwambiri pakukhazikitsa; Panthawi yokhazikitsa, kukonza zolakwika mozama komanso kovuta kumafunika, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kubwezeretsa ngati zitachotsedwa mwachisawawa.

2.2Samalani kusungaMaikulosikopu ya opaleshoniYeretsani, makamaka magalasi omwe ali pa chipangizocho, monga lenzi. Ngati madzi, mafuta, ndi madontho a magazi aipitsa lenzi, kumbukirani kuti musagwiritse ntchito manja, nsalu, kapena pepala kupukuta lenzi. Chifukwa manja, nsalu, ndi pepala nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi timiyala ting'onoting'ono tomwe tingasiye zizindikiro pamwamba pa galasi. Ngati pali fumbi pamwamba pa galasi, katswiri woyeretsa (anhydrous alcohol) angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupukuta ndi thonje lochotsa mafuta. Ngati dothi ndi lalikulu ndipo silingathe kupukutidwa, musalipukutire mwamphamvu. Chonde funsani thandizo la akatswiri kuti muligwire.

2.3Makina owunikira nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zida zofewa kwambiri zomwe sizimawoneka mosavuta ndi maso, ndipo zala kapena zinthu zina siziyenera kuyikidwa mu makina owunikira. Kuwonongeka kosasamala kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kosatha.

3 Kusamalira ma maikulosikopu

3.1Kutalika kwa nthawi ya babu yowunikiraMaikulosikopu ya opaleshonizimasiyana malinga ndi nthawi yogwirira ntchito. Ngati babu la magetsi lawonongeka ndikusinthidwa, onetsetsani kuti mwabwezeretsa makinawo pa zero kuti mupewe kutayika kosafunikira kwa makinawo. Nthawi iliyonse magetsi akayatsidwa kapena kuzimitsidwa, chosinthira cha magetsi chiyenera kuzimitsidwa kapena kusinthidwa kuwala kochepa kuti kupewe kuwonongeka kwadzidzidzi kwa magetsi amphamvu kuwononge gwero la magetsi.

3.2Kuti akwaniritse zofunikira posankha malo ochitira opaleshoni, kukula kwa malo owonera, ndi kumveka bwino panthawi ya opaleshoni, madokotala amatha kusintha malo otseguka, kutalika kwa focal, kutalika, ndi zina zotero kudzera pa bolodi lowongolera phazi. Mukasintha, ndikofunikira kusuntha pang'onopang'ono komanso pang'onopang'ono. Mukafika pamalo oletsa, ndikofunikira kuyimitsa nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa kupitirira malire a nthawi kungawononge injini ndikupangitsa kuti kusintha kulephereke.

3.3 Pambuyo pogwiritsa ntchitomaikulosikopuKwa kanthawi, loko yolumikizirana ikhoza kufa kwambiri kapena kumasuka kwambiri. Pakadali pano, ndikofunikira kubwezeretsa loko yolumikizirana kuti ikhale yogwira ntchito bwino malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili. Musanagwiritse ntchitoMaikulosi ogwiritsira ntchito zachipatala, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana nthawi zonse ngati pali kutsekeka kulikonse m'malo olumikizirana mafupa kuti mupewe mavuto osafunikira panthawi ya opaleshoni.

3.4Mukamaliza kugwiritsa ntchito, gwiritsani ntchito chotsukira thonje chochotsera mafuta kuti muchotse dothi lomwe lili pantchito ya maikulosikopu yachipatala, apo ayi zidzakhala zovuta kuzipukuta kwa nthawi yayitali. Phimbani ndi chivundikiro cha maikulosikopu ndikuchisunga pamalo opumira mpweya wabwino, ouma, opanda fumbi, komanso osawononga mpweya.

3.5Khazikitsani njira yosamalira, ndi akatswiri omwe amachita macheke ndi kusintha nthawi zonse, kukonza ndi kukonza makina, makina owonera, makina owunikira, makina owonetsera, ndi zida zoyendera. Mwachidule, muyenera kusamala mukamagwiritsa ntchito makina owunikira.maikulosikopundipo kusamalidwa molakwika kuyenera kupewedwa. Kuti muwonjezere nthawi yogwira ntchito ya maikulosikopu opaleshoni, ndikofunikira kudalira mtima wogwira ntchito mwakhama wa ogwira ntchito komanso chisamaliro chawo ndi chikondi chawo pamaikulosikopu, kuti athe kugwira ntchito bwino ndikuchita bwino.