Chisinthiko cha Neurosurgery ndi Microsurgery: Kupititsa patsogolo Upainiya mu Sayansi Yamankhwala

Neurosurgery, yomwe inayamba kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1900 ku Ulaya, sinakhale njira yapadera yopangira opaleshoni mpaka October 1919. Chipatala cha Brigham ku Boston chinakhazikitsa malo oyambirira a neurosurgery padziko lonse mu 1920. Anali malo odzipatulira omwe ali ndi dongosolo lachipatala lathunthu lokha. yokhazikika pa neurosurgery. Pambuyo pake, Sosaite ya Neurosurgeons idakhazikitsidwa, gawolo lidatchulidwa mwalamulo, ndipo lidayamba kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha neurosurgery padziko lonse lapansi. Komabe, kumayambiriro kwa ma neurosurgery monga gawo lapadera, zida zopangira opaleshoni zinali zachikale, njira zinali zosakhwima, chitetezo cha opaleshoni chinali chochepa, ndi njira zogwirira ntchito zolimbana ndi matenda, kuchepetsa kutupa kwa ubongo, ndi kutsika kwa intracranial kulibe. Chifukwa chake, maopaleshoni anali ochepa, ndipo chiwopsezo cha kufa chidakali chokwera.

Opaleshoni yamakono ya neurosurgery ikupita patsogolo chifukwa cha zochitika zitatu zofunika kwambiri m'zaka za zana la 19. Choyamba, kuyambitsidwa kwa anesthesia kunathandiza odwala kuchitidwa opaleshoni popanda kupweteka. Kachiwiri, kukhazikitsidwa kwa kukhazikika kwaubongo (zizindikiro ndi zizindikiro zaubongo) kunathandizira madokotala kuti azindikire ndikukonzekera maopaleshoni. Pomaliza, kukhazikitsidwa kwa njira zothana ndi mabakiteriya ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira za aseptic kunalola madokotala kuti achepetse chiopsezo cha zovuta zomwe zimachitika pambuyo pa opaleshoni chifukwa cha matenda.

Ku China, gawo la neurosurgery lidakhazikitsidwa koyambirira kwa 1970s ndipo lapita patsogolo kwambiri pazaka makumi awiri zodzipereka ndi chitukuko. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa neurosurgery monga chilango kunatsegula njira ya kupita patsogolo kwa njira za opaleshoni, kafukufuku wachipatala, ndi maphunziro a zachipatala. Madokotala ochita opaleshoni yaku China athandiza kwambiri pantchitoyi, mdziko muno komanso padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo achita gawo lalikulu pakupititsa patsogolo kachitidwe ka ma neurosurgery.

Pomaliza, gawo la neurosurgery lapita patsogolo modabwitsa kuyambira pomwe linayamba kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19. Kuyambira ndi zinthu zochepa komanso kukumana ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu cha kufa, kuyambitsidwa kwa opaleshoni, njira zaubongo, komanso njira zowongolera matenda zasintha ma neurosurgery kukhala njira yapadera yopangira opaleshoni. Khama lochita upainiya ku China mu ma neurosurgery ndi ma microsurgery alimbitsa udindo wake monga mtsogoleri wapadziko lonse m'magawo awa. Ndi kupitilira kwatsopano komanso kudzipereka, maphunzirowa apitiliza kusinthika ndikuthandizira kukonza chisamaliro cha odwala padziko lonse lapansi.