Kukula kwa kujambula kwa kuwala mumavidiyo opangira ma microscopes opangira opaleshoni

Pazamankhwala, opaleshoni mosakayikira ndiye njira yayikulu yochizira matenda ambiri, makamaka omwe amatenga gawo lofunikira pakuchiritsa koyambirira kwa khansa. Chinsinsi cha kupambana kwa opaleshoni ya opaleshoni yagona pakuwonetseratu bwino kwa gawo la pathological pambuyo pa dissection.Ma microscopes opangira opaleshoniakhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa opaleshoni yachipatala chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo zamagulu atatu, kutanthauzira kwakukulu, ndi kusamvana kwakukulu. Komabe, mawonekedwe a anatomical a gawo la pathological ndi ovuta komanso ovuta, ndipo ambiri a iwo ali moyandikana ndi ziwalo zofunika kwambiri. Ma millimeter mpaka ma micrometer apitilira patali kuposa momwe angawonere ndi maso a munthu. Kuonjezera apo, mitsempha ya mitsempha m'thupi la munthu ndi yopapatiza komanso yodzaza, ndipo kuunikira sikukwanira. Kupatuka kulikonse kwakung'ono kungayambitse vuto kwa wodwala, kukhudza momwe opaleshoni imachitikira, komanso kuyika moyo pachiswe. Chifukwa chake, kufufuza ndi kukulitsaKuchitamaikulosikopundi kukulitsa kokwanira komanso zithunzi zowoneka bwino ndi mutu womwe ofufuza akupitiliza kuufufuza mozama.

Pakadali pano, matekinoloje a digito monga zithunzi ndi makanema, kutumiza zidziwitso, ndi kujambula zithunzi akulowa mu gawo la microsurgery ndi zabwino zatsopano. Matekinolojewa samangokhudza kwambiri moyo wa anthu, komanso akuphatikizana pang'onopang'ono ndi gawo la microsurgery. Mawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri, makamera, ndi zina zotero zimatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira zamakono za opaleshoni yolondola. Machitidwe amakanema okhala ndi CCD, CMOS ndi masensa ena azithunzi monga malo olandirira pang'onopang'ono agwiritsidwa ntchito pa ma microscopes opangira opaleshoni. Ma microscopes opangira mavidiyondi zosinthika kwambiri komanso zosavuta kuti madokotala azigwira ntchito. Kukhazikitsa matekinoloje apamwamba monga njira yoyendera, mawonedwe a 3D, mawonekedwe apamwamba azithunzi, zowona zenizeni (AR), ndi zina zambiri, zomwe zimathandiza anthu ambiri kugawana nawo panthawi ya opaleshoni, zimathandiziranso madotolo kuti azichita bwino maopaleshoni amkati.

Kujambula kwa microscope ndizomwe zimadziwika kwambiri pakujambula kwa microscope. Kujambula kwa ma microscopes opangira opaleshoni ya kanema kumakhala ndi mawonekedwe apadera, pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono zamakono ndi matekinoloje ojambula zithunzi monga mawonekedwe apamwamba, osiyanitsa kwambiri a CMOS kapena CCD masensa, komanso matekinoloje ofunikira monga zoom optical zoom ndi chipukuta misozi. Matekinolojewa amawongolera bwino chithunzithunzi komanso mawonekedwe a maikulosikopu, kupereka chitsimikizo chowoneka bwino cha maopaleshoni. Kuphatikiza apo, pophatikiza ukadaulo waukadaulo wojambula ndi digito, kujambula kwanthawi yeniyeni ndi kukonzanso kwa 3D kwakwaniritsidwa, kupatsa madokotala ochita opaleshoni mawonekedwe owoneka bwino. Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo luso lojambula bwino la ma microscopes opangira opaleshoni ya kanema, ochita kafukufuku akufufuza nthawi zonse njira zatsopano zowonetsera kuwala, monga kujambula kwa fluorescence, kujambula kwa polarization, kujambula kwa multispectral, ndi zina zotero, kuti apititse patsogolo kulingalira ndi kuya kwa ma microscopes; Kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wanzeru wopangira kukonza pambuyo pokonza deta yojambula kuti imveke bwino komanso kusiyanitsa.

M'ma opaleshoni oyambirira,microscopesankagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati zida zothandizira. Binocular microscope ndi chida chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito ma prisms ndi magalasi kuti akwaniritse masomphenya a stereoscopic. Itha kupereka kuzindikira kozama komanso masomphenya a stereoscopic omwe ma microscopes amodzi alibe. Chapakati pa zaka za m'ma 1900, von Zehender adachita upainiya wogwiritsa ntchito magalasi okulirapo a binocular pakuyezetsa maso kwachipatala. Pambuyo pake, Zeiss adayambitsa galasi lokulitsa la binocular ndi mtunda wa masentimita 25, ndikuyika maziko a chitukuko cha microsurgery yamakono. Pankhani ya kujambula kwa ma microscopes opangira ma binocular, mtunda wogwirira ntchito wa maikulosikopu oyambirira unali 75 mm. Ndi chitukuko ndi luso la zida zachipatala, microscope yoyamba yopangira opaleshoni OPMI1 inayambitsidwa, ndipo mtunda wogwirira ntchito ukhoza kufika 405 mm. Kukulitsa kumachulukirachulukira nthawi zonse, ndipo zosankha zakukulitsa zikuchulukirachulukira. Ndi kupita patsogolo kosalekeza kwa maikulosikopu a mabinocular, ubwino wawo monga stereoscopic effect, kumveka bwino, ndi mtunda wautali wogwira ntchito zapangitsa maikulosikopu opangira ma binocular kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'madipatimenti osiyanasiyana. Komabe, kuchepa kwa kukula kwake kwakukulu ndi kuya kwazing'ono sikunganyalanyazidwe, ndipo ogwira ntchito zachipatala amafunika kuyang'anitsitsa nthawi zambiri ndikuyang'ana pa opaleshoni, zomwe zimawonjezera kuvutika kwa opaleshoni. Kuphatikiza apo, madokotala ochita opaleshoni omwe amayang'ana kwambiri kuyang'anira zida zowonera ndikugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali samangowonjezera zolemetsa zathupi, komanso samatsatira mfundo za ergonomic. Madokotala ayenera kukhala ndi kaimidwe kokhazikika kuti achite mayeso a opaleshoni kwa odwala, komanso kusintha kwamanja kumafunikanso, zomwe zimawonjezera zovuta za opaleshoni.

Pambuyo pa zaka za m'ma 1990, makina opangira makamera ndi masensa azithunzi adayamba kuphatikizika pang'onopang'ono m'kuchita opaleshoni, kuwonetsa kuthekera kwakukulu kogwiritsa ntchito. Mu 1991, Berci adapanga njira yatsopano yowonera madera opangira opaleshoni, yokhala ndi mtunda wosinthika wa 150-500 mm ndi ma diameter azinthu kuyambira 15-25 mm, ndikusunga kuya kwamunda pakati pa 10-20 mm. Ngakhale kuti mtengo wokonza magalasi ndi makamera panthaŵiyo unachepetsa kufala kwa teknoloji imeneyi m’zipatala zambiri, ofufuza anapitirizabe kuchita zinthu zatsopano zaumisiri ndipo anayamba kupanga makina oonera mavidiyo opangira maopaleshoni apamwamba kwambiri. Poyerekeza ndi maikulosikopu opangira ma binocular, omwe amafunikira nthawi yayitali kuti asunge mawonekedwe osasinthika awa, zitha kuyambitsa kutopa kwakuthupi ndi m'maganizo. Makanema opangira opaleshoni yamtundu wa microscope amawonetsa chithunzi chokulirapo pa chowunikira, kupeŵa kusakhazikika kwanthawi yayitali kwa dokotala wa opaleshoni. Ma microscopes opangidwa ndi mavidiyo amamasula madokotala kuti asamangokhalira kukhazikika, kuwalola kuti azigwira ntchito pamasamba a anatomical kudzera pazithunzi zapamwamba.

M'zaka zaposachedwa, ndikupita patsogolo kofulumira kwaukadaulo wanzeru zopangira, ma microscopes opangira opaleshoni pang'onopang'ono ayamba kukhala anzeru, ndipo ma microscopes opangidwa ndi mavidiyo akhala zinthu zodziwika bwino pamsika. Makanema apano opangira ma microscope opangira opaleshoni amaphatikiza masomphenya apakompyuta ndi matekinoloje ophunzirira mwakuya kuti akwaniritse kuzindikira kwazithunzi, kugawa, ndikusanthula. Panthawi ya opaleshoni, ma microscopes anzeru opangidwa ndi mavidiyo opangira opaleshoni amatha kuthandiza madokotala kuti apeze matenda omwe ali ndi matenda ndikuwongolera kulondola kwa opaleshoni.

Pachitukuko kuchokera ku ma microscopes a ma binocular kupita ku ma microscopes opangira mavidiyo, sizovuta kupeza kuti zofunikira zolondola, zogwira mtima, ndi chitetezo pa opaleshoni zikuwonjezeka tsiku ndi tsiku. Pakali pano, kufunikira kwa magalasi a kuwala kwa ma microscopes opangira opaleshoni sikungowonjezera kukulitsa ziwalo za pathological, koma kumachulukirachulukira komanso kothandiza. Muzachipatala, ma microscopes opangira opaleshoni amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muubongo ndi maopaleshoni a msana kudzera mu ma module a fluorescence ophatikizidwa ndi zenizeni zenizeni. AR navigation system imatha kuthandizira opaleshoni yovuta ya msana, ndipo othandizira a fulorosenti amatha kuwongolera madokotala kuti achotse zotupa muubongo. Kuphatikiza apo, ofufuza apeza bwino kuzindikira kwamphamvu kwa vocal cord polyps ndi leukoplakia pogwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu opangira ma hyperspectral kuphatikiza ma algorithms amtundu wa zithunzi. Ma microscope opangira opaleshoni ya kanema akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo osiyanasiyana opangira opaleshoni monga chithokomiro, opaleshoni ya retina, ndi opaleshoni yam'mimba mwa kuphatikiza ndi kujambula kwa fluorescence, kujambula kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana, komanso matekinoloje anzeru opanga zithunzi.

Poyerekeza ndi maikulosikopu opangira ma binocular, ma microscopes amakanema angapereke kugawana mavidiyo a anthu ambiri, zithunzi za opaleshoni yapamwamba, komanso ergonomic, kuchepetsa kutopa kwa dokotala. Kukula kwa kujambula kwa kuwala, digitization, ndi luntha kwathandizira kwambiri machitidwe opangira ma microscope opangira opaleshoni, ndipo kujambula kwa nthawi yeniyeni, zenizeni zenizeni, ndi matekinoloje ena akulitsa kwambiri ntchito ndi ma modules a mavidiyo opangira ma microscopes opangira opaleshoni.

Kujambula kwamaso kwa ma microscope amtsogolo opangira opaleshoni kudzakhala kolondola, kothandiza, komanso kwanzeru, kupatsa madokotala chidziwitso chokwanira, chatsatanetsatane, komanso chamitundu itatu ya odwala kuti athe kuwongolera bwino maopaleshoni. Pakalipano, ndi kupita patsogolo kosalekeza kwa teknoloji ndi kukula kwa magawo ogwiritsira ntchito, dongosololi lidzagwiritsidwanso ntchito ndikupangidwa m'madera ambiri.