Kupititsa patsogolo Zatekinoloje ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Kwachipatala kwa Maikulosikopu Opangira Opaleshoni Yapamwamba-High-Definition

 

Ma microscopes opangira opaleshonizimagwira ntchito yofunikira kwambiri m'machipatala amakono, makamaka m'magawo olondola kwambiri monga ma neurosurgery, ophthalmology, otolaryngology, ndi maopaleshoni ochepa kwambiri, pomwe akhala zida zofunika kwambiri. Ndi luso lokulitsa kwambiri,Maikulosikopu ogwira ntchitoamapereka chithunzithunzi chatsatanetsatane, cholola madokotala ochita opaleshoni kuona zinthu zosaoneka ndi maso, monga minyewa ya m’mitsempha, mitsempha ya m’magazi, ndi minyewa ya m’thupi, motero zimathandiza madokotala kupeŵa kuwononga minofu yathanzi panthawi ya opaleshoni. Makamaka mu neurosurgery, kukulitsa kwakukulu kwa maikulosikopu kumapangitsa kuti zotupa kapena minyewa yodwala ikhale yodziwika bwino, kuwonetsetsa kuti m'mphepete mwamisempha momveka bwino ndikupewa kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yovuta kwambiri, potero kumapangitsa kuti odwala azitha kuchira pambuyo pa opaleshoni.

Ma microscopes opangira opaleshoni nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mawonekedwe okhazikika, omwe amatha kupereka chidziwitso chokwanira chothandizira maopaleshoni ovuta. Komabe, ndi chitukuko chofulumira chaukadaulo wazachipatala, makamaka kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo wowonera, luso lojambula ma microscopes opangira opaleshoni pang'onopang'ono lakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakuwongolera maopaleshoni. Poyerekeza ndi ma microscope achikhalidwe opangira opaleshoni, maikulosikopu otanthauzira kwambiri amatha kupereka zambiri. Poyambitsa machitidwe owonetsera ndi kulingalira ndi malingaliro a 4K, 8K, kapena apamwamba kwambiri, ma microscopes opangira opaleshoni a Ultra-high-definition amathandiza madokotala ochita opaleshoni kuti azindikire molondola ndi kugwiritsira ntchito zilonda zazing'ono ndi mapangidwe a anatomical, kupititsa patsogolo kulondola ndi chitetezo cha opaleshoni. Ndi kuphatikiza kosalekeza kwa teknoloji yokonza zithunzi, luntha lochita kupanga, ndi zenizeni zenizeni, ma microscopes opangira opaleshoni apamwamba kwambiri samangowonjezera khalidwe lajambula komanso amapereka chithandizo chanzeru cha opaleshoni, kuyendetsa njira zopangira opaleshoni kuti zikhale zolondola kwambiri komanso zochepa.

 

Kagwiritsidwe kachipatala ka maikolosikopu otanthauzira kwambiri

Ndi luso lopitilira muyeso la ukadaulo wojambula, ma maikolosikopu otanthauzira kwambiri pang'onopang'ono akugwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pazachipatala, chifukwa cha kusanja kwawo kwapamwamba kwambiri, luso lawo lojambula bwino, komanso kuthekera kowonera nthawi yeniyeni.

Ophthalmology

Opaleshoni ya maso imafuna opareshoni yolondola, yomwe imayika miyezo yapamwamba yaukadaulomicroscopes ophthalmic opaleshoni. Mwachitsanzo, mu femtosecond laser corneal incision, maikulosikopu opangira opaleshoni amatha kukulitsa kwambiri kuyang'ana chipinda cham'mbuyo, choboola chapakati cha diso, ndikuyang'ana malo omwewo. Mu opaleshoni ya ophthalmic, kuunikira ndikofunikira. Ma microscope samangopereka zowoneka bwino zokhala ndi mphamvu yocheperako komanso imatulutsa kuwala kwapadera kofiira, komwe kumathandizira pakuchita opaleshoni yonse ya ng'ala. Kuphatikiza apo, optical coherence tomography (OCT) imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakuchita opaleshoni yamaso poyang'ana pansi pamtunda. Ikhoza kupereka zithunzi zodutsa, kugonjetsa malire a microscope yokha, yomwe singakhoze kuwona minofu yabwino chifukwa cha kuyang'ana kutsogolo. Mwachitsanzo, Kapeller et al. adagwiritsa ntchito chiwonetsero cha 4K-3D ndi kompyuta yam'manja kuti aziwonetsa zokha mawonekedwe a Microscope-integrated OCT (miOCT) (4D-miOCT). Kutengera kuyankha kwa wogwiritsa ntchito, kuwunika kachulukidwe ka magwiridwe antchito, ndi miyeso yosiyanasiyana ya kuchuluka, adawonetsa kuthekera kogwiritsa ntchito chiwonetsero cha 4K-3D m'malo mwa 4D-miOCT pa maikulosikopu yoyera. Kuonjezera apo, mu phunziro la Lata et al., posonkhanitsa odwala 16 omwe ali ndi glaucoma yobadwa pamodzi ndi diso la ng'ombe, adagwiritsa ntchito microscope ndi miOCT ntchito kuti ayang'ane opaleshoniyo mu nthawi yeniyeni. Poyang'ana deta yofunika kwambiri monga magawo opangira opaleshoni, tsatanetsatane wa opaleshoni, zovuta zomwe zimachitika pambuyo pa opaleshoni, mawonekedwe omaliza owoneka bwino, ndi makulidwe a cornea, pamapeto pake adawonetsa kuti miOCT ingathandize madokotala kuzindikira mapangidwe a minofu, kukhathamiritsa ntchito, ndi kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha zovuta panthawi ya opaleshoni. Komabe, ngakhale OCT pang'onopang'ono ikukhala chida chothandizira champhamvu mu opaleshoni ya vitreoretinal, makamaka muzochitika zovuta komanso maopaleshoni atsopano (monga gene therapy), madokotala ena amakayikira ngati angathandizedi kuchipatala chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo kwake komanso nthawi yayitali yophunzirira.

Otolaryngology

Otorhinolaryngology opaleshoni ndi gawo lina la opaleshoni lomwe limagwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu opangira opaleshoni. Chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa zibowo zakuya komanso zowoneka bwino pamawonekedwe ankhope, kukulitsa ndi kuwunikira ndikofunikira kwambiri pazotsatira za opaleshoni. Ngakhale ma endoscopes nthawi zina amatha kupereka mawonekedwe abwino a malo opangira opaleshoni,ultra-high-definition opangira ma microscopesperekani kuzindikira kozama, kulola kukulitsa madera opapatiza a anatomical monga cochlea ndi sinuses, kuthandiza madokotala kuchiza matenda monga otitis media ndi mphuno zam'mphuno. Mwachitsanzo, Dundar et al. poyerekeza zotsatira za maikulosikopu ndi njira endoscope kwa stapes opaleshoni pochiza otosclerosis, kusonkhanitsa deta kuchokera 84 odwala matenda otosclerosis amene anachitidwa opaleshoni pakati pa 2010 ndi 2020. Pogwiritsa ntchito kusintha kwa mpweya fupa conduction kusiyana musanayambe ndi pambuyo opaleshoni monga muyeso chizindikiro, zotsatira zomaliza anasonyeza kuti ngakhale kuti njira zonse opaleshoni anali ndi zotsatira zofanana pa opaleshoni kumva bwino ntchito mic chopindika. Momwemonso, mu kafukufuku woyembekezeredwa wochitidwa ndi Ashfaq et al., gulu lofufuza lidachita parotidectomy yothandizira ma microscope kwa odwala 70 omwe anali ndi zotupa za gland ya parotid pakati pa 2020 ndi 2023, ndikuwunika momwe ma microscope amagwirira ntchito pakuzindikiritsa ndi kuteteza minyewa yamaso. Zotsatirazo zinasonyeza kuti ma microscopes anali ndi ubwino waukulu pakuwongolera kumveka bwino kwa malo opangira opaleshoni, kuzindikira molondola thunthu lalikulu ndi nthambi za mitsempha ya nkhope, kuchepetsa mitsempha ya mitsempha, ndi hemostasis, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale chida chofunika kwambiri chothandizira kuchepetsa mitsempha ya nkhope. Kuphatikiza apo, maopaleshoni akamachulukirachulukira komanso olondola, kuphatikiza kwa AR ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yojambulira ndi ma microscopes opangira opaleshoni kumathandizira madokotala kuchita maopaleshoni motsogozedwa ndi zithunzi.

Opaleshoni ya Mitsempha

Kugwiritsa ntchito ultra-high-definitionmicroscopes opaleshoni mu neurosurgeryzasintha kuchoka pakuyang'ana kwachikhalidwe kupita ku digito, augmented reality (AR), ndi chithandizo chanzeru. Mwachitsanzo, Draxinger et al. anagwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu ophatikizana ndi makina odzipangira okha a MHz-OCT, opereka zithunzi zowoneka bwino kwambiri zamitundu itatu kudzera pa 1.6 MHz sikani pafupipafupi, kuthandiza bwino madokotala ochita opaleshoni kusiyanitsa zotupa ndi minofu yathanzi munthawi yeniyeni ndikuwonjezera kulondola kwa maopaleshoni. Hafez et al. poyerekeza ndi machitidwe a microscopes achikhalidwe ndi ultra-high-definition microsurgical imaging system (Exoscope) mu opaleshoni yoyesera ya cerebrovascular bypass, kupeza kuti ngakhale microscope inali ndi nthawi zazifupi za suture (P <0.001), Exoscope inachita bwino pogawira suture (P = 0.001). Kuphatikiza apo, Exoscope idapereka mawonekedwe osavuta opangira opaleshoni komanso masomphenya ogawana, kupereka zabwino zamaphunziro. Mofananamo, Calloni et al. anayerekeza kugwiritsa ntchito ma Exoscope ndi maikolosikopu amwambo opangira opaleshoni pophunzitsa anthu ochita opaleshoni ya minyewa. Anthu khumi ndi asanu ndi mmodzi adagwira ntchito zobwerezabwereza zozindikirika pamapangidwe a cranial pogwiritsa ntchito zida zonse ziwiri. Zotsatirazo zinasonyeza kuti ngakhale kuti panalibe kusiyana kwakukulu pa nthawi yonse ya ntchito pakati pa awiriwa, Exoscope inachita bwino pozindikira zozama zakuya ndipo zinkawoneka ngati zowoneka bwino komanso zomasuka ndi otenga nawo mbali ambiri, zomwe zingathe kukhala zodziwika bwino m'tsogolomu. Mwachiwonekere, ma microscopes opangira opaleshoni apamwamba kwambiri, okhala ndi mawonedwe apamwamba a 4K, amatha kupatsa ophunzira onse zithunzi za opaleshoni ya 3D, kuthandizira kulankhulana kwa opaleshoni, kutumiza mauthenga, ndi kupititsa patsogolo kuphunzitsa bwino.

Opaleshoni ya msana

Kutanthauzira kwakukulumicroscopes opaleshoniamatenga gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakuchita opaleshoni ya msana. Popereka chithunzithunzi chapamwamba chazithunzi zitatu, zimathandiza madokotala kuti azitha kuyang'anitsitsa momwe thupi limapangidwira la msana momveka bwino, kuphatikizapo ziwalo zobisika monga mitsempha, mitsempha ya magazi, ndi fupa la mafupa, motero kumawonjezera kulondola ndi chitetezo cha opaleshoni. Ponena za kuwongolera kwa scoliosis, ma microscopes opangira opaleshoni amatha kuwongolera kumveka bwino kwa masomphenya opangira opaleshoni komanso luso lowongolera bwino, kuthandiza madokotala kudziwa molondola mawonekedwe a neural ndi minyewa yodwala mkati mwa ngalande yopapatiza ya msana, motero amakwaniritsa mosamala komanso moyenera njira zochepetsera komanso zokhazikika.

Sun et al. poyerekeza mphamvu ndi chitetezo cha microscope-yothandizidwa ndi opaleshoni yapakhomo ya khomo lachiberekero ndi opaleshoni yachikhalidwe yotsegula pochiza ossification ya posterior longitudinal ligament ya khomo lachiberekero. Odwala makumi asanu ndi limodzi adagawidwa kukhala gulu lothandizira microscope (milandu 30) ndi gulu la opaleshoni yachikhalidwe (milandu 30). Zotsatirazo zinasonyeza kuti gulu lothandizira microscope linali ndi kutaya magazi kwapamwamba kwambiri, kukhala m'chipatala, ndi ululu wopweteka pambuyo pa opaleshoni poyerekeza ndi gulu la opaleshoni yachikhalidwe, ndipo chiwerengero cha zovuta chinali chochepa mu gulu lothandizira microscope. Mofananamo, mu opaleshoni ya msana, Singhatanadgige et al. anayerekeza zotsatira za ma microscopes opangira opaleshoni ya mafupa ndi magalasi okulirapo mu transforaminal lumbar fusion. Phunziroli linaphatikizapo odwala a 100 ndipo sanasonyeze kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa magulu awiriwa mu chithandizo cha ululu pambuyo pa opaleshoni, kusintha kwa ntchito, kukulitsa kwa msana wa msana, kuchuluka kwa kuphatikizika, ndi zovuta, koma microscope inapereka malo abwinoko. Kuphatikiza apo, ma microscopes kuphatikiza ukadaulo wa AR amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakuchita opaleshoni ya msana. Mwachitsanzo, Carl et al. adakhazikitsa ukadaulo wa AR mwa odwala 10 pogwiritsa ntchito chiwonetsero chapamutu cha maikulosikopu opangira opaleshoni. Zotsatira zake zidawonetsa kuti AR ili ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kogwiritsa ntchito opaleshoni ya msana, makamaka pazovuta za anatomical ndi maphunziro okhalamo.

 

Chidule ndi Outlook

Poyerekeza ndi ma microscope achikhalidwe opangira opaleshoni, maikulosikopu opangira opaleshoni okwera kwambiri amapereka zabwino zambiri, kuphatikiza zosankha zingapo zakukula, kuwunikira kokhazikika komanso kowala, makina owoneka bwino, mtunda wautali wogwira ntchito, ndi maimidwe okhazikika a ergonomic. Kuphatikiza apo, zosankha zawo zowoneka bwino kwambiri, makamaka kuphatikiza ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yojambulira ndi ukadaulo wa AR, zimathandizira bwino maopaleshoni oyendetsedwa ndi zithunzi.

Ngakhale kuti ma microscopes opangira opaleshoni ali ndi ubwino wambiri, amakumanabe ndi mavuto aakulu. Chifukwa cha kukula kwake, ma maikolosikopu opangira maopaleshoni apamwamba kwambiri amakhala ndi zovuta zina pakuyendetsa pakati pa zipinda zopangira opaleshoni ndi malo opangira opaleshoni, zomwe zingasokoneze kupitiliza komanso kugwira ntchito kwa maopaleshoni. M'zaka zaposachedwa, mapangidwe a ma microscopes apangidwa bwino kwambiri, ndi zonyamulira zawo za kuwala ndi ma lens a binocular omwe amathandizira kusintha kozungulira komanso kozungulira, kupititsa patsogolo kusinthasintha kwa magwiridwe antchito ndikuthandizira kuwonetsetsa kwa dokotalayo ndikugwira ntchito pamalo achilengedwe komanso omasuka. Kuphatikiza apo, kupititsa patsogolo luso laukadaulo wowoneka bwino kumapatsa madokotala ochita opaleshoni chithandizo chowoneka bwino cha ergonomic panthawi ya maopaleshoni ang'onoang'ono, zomwe zimathandiza kuchepetsa kutopa kwapantchito ndikuwongolera kulondola kwa maopaleshoni komanso kuthekera kosatha kwa opaleshoniyo. Komabe, chifukwa chosowa chothandizira, kuyang'ananso kawirikawiri kumafunika, kupangitsa kukhazikika kwa teknoloji yowonetsera kuvala kukhala yocheperapo kusiyana ndi ma microscope ochiritsira wamba. Yankho linanso ndikusinthika kwa zida zopangira miniaturization ndi modularization kuti zigwirizane ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana za opaleshoni. Komabe, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa voliyumu nthawi zambiri kumaphatikizapo njira zolondola zamakina ndi zida zophatikizika zokwera mtengo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mtengo wopangira zidawo ukhale wokwera mtengo.

Vuto lina la maikulosikopu opangira maopaleshoni apamwamba kwambiri ndi kuyaka kwapakhungu komwe kumachitika chifukwa chowunikira kwambiri. Kuti apereke mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, makamaka pamaso pa owonera angapo kapena makamera, gwero la kuwala liyenera kutulutsa kuwala kwamphamvu, komwe kumatha kuwotcha minofu ya wodwalayo. Zanenedwa kuti ma microscope opangira opaleshoni yamaso amathanso kuyambitsa phototoxicity kumtunda ndi filimu yong'ambika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa maselo amtundu. Chifukwa chake, kuwongolera kasamalidwe ka kuwala, kusintha kukula kwa malo ndi mphamvu ya kuwala molingana ndi kukula ndi mtunda wogwirira ntchito, ndikofunikira kwambiri pama microscopes opangira opaleshoni. M'tsogolomu, kujambula kwa kuwala kungayambitse kulingalira kwa panoramic ndi matekinoloje omanganso atatu-dimensional kuti akulitse malo owonetserako ndikubwezeretsanso molondola mawonekedwe atatu a malo opangira opaleshoni. Izi zidzathandiza madokotala kuti amvetse bwino momwe malo opangira opaleshoni amachitira komanso kupewa kuphonya mfundo zofunika. Komabe, kujambula kwazithunzi ndi kukonzanso kwa mbali zitatu kumaphatikizapo kupeza nthawi yeniyeni, kulembetsa, ndi kukonzanso zithunzi zowoneka bwino, kutulutsa deta yambiri. Izi zimayika zofunikira kwambiri pakuchita bwino kwa ma aligorivimu okonza zithunzi, mphamvu zamakompyuta zamakompyuta, ndi makina osungira, makamaka panthawi ya opaleshoni pomwe magwiridwe antchito a nthawi yeniyeni ndi ofunikira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti vutoli liziwoneka bwino kwambiri.

Ndi chitukuko chofulumira cha matekinoloje monga kujambula kwachipatala, luntha lochita kupanga, ndi ma computational optics, ma microscopes opangira opaleshoni apamwamba kwambiri awonetsa kuthekera kwakukulu pakupititsa patsogolo kulondola kwa opaleshoni, chitetezo, ndi zochitika zogwirira ntchito. M'tsogolomu, ma microscopes opangira opaleshoni a ultra-high-definition angapitirize kukula m'njira zinayi zotsatirazi: (1) Ponena za kupanga zipangizo, miniaturization ndi modularization ziyenera kukwaniritsidwa pamtengo wotsika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito yaikulu yachipatala ikhale yotheka; (2) Kupanga njira zowongolera zowunikira kuti zithetse vuto la kuwonongeka kwa kuwala komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha opaleshoni yayitali; (3) Pangani ma aligorivimu anzeru othandizira omwe ali olondola komanso opepuka kuti akwaniritse zofunikira pakuwerengera zida; (4) Phatikizani mozama machitidwe opangira opaleshoni a AR ndi ma robotiki kuti apereke thandizo la nsanja kuti agwirizane akutali, opareshoni yolondola, ndi njira zokha. Mwachidule, ma microscopes opangira ma opaleshoni apamwamba kwambiri adzasintha kukhala njira yothandizira opaleshoni yomwe imagwirizanitsa kupititsa patsogolo zithunzi, kuzindikira mwanzeru, ndi mayankho oyankhulana, kuthandizira kupanga chilengedwe cha digito cha opaleshoni yamtsogolo.

Nkhaniyi ikupereka chithunzithunzi cha kupita patsogolo kwa matekinoloje ofunika kwambiri a maikulosikopu opangira opaleshoni, omwe amayang'ana kwambiri momwe angagwiritsire ntchito ndi chitukuko cha opaleshoni. Ndi kupititsa patsogolo kukonzanso, ma microscopes otanthauzira kwambiri akugwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'magawo monga neurosurgery, ophthalmology, otolaryngology, ndi opaleshoni ya msana. Makamaka, kuphatikiza umisiri wolondola woyendetsa ma intraoperative m'maopaleshoni ochepa kwambiri kwakweza kulondola komanso chitetezo cha njirazi. Kuyang'ana m'tsogolo, momwe nzeru zopangira komanso matekinoloje opangira ma robotiki zikupita patsogolo, ma microscopes okwera kwambiri adzapereka chithandizo chamankhwala chanzeru komanso chanzeru, kupititsa patsogolo maopaleshoni ocheperako komanso mgwirizano wakutali, potero kupititsa patsogolo chitetezo cha maopaleshoni.