Kupita Patsogolo kwa Ukadaulo ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zipatala za Microscopes Zopangira Opaleshoni Zapamwamba Kwambiri

 

Maikulosikopu a opaleshoniAmagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'magawo azachipatala amakono, makamaka m'magawo olondola kwambiri monga opaleshoni ya mitsempha, opaleshoni ya maso, opaleshoni ya otolaryngology, ndi opaleshoni yosavulaza kwambiri, komwe akhala zida zofunika kwambiri. Ndi luso lalikulu lokulitsa,Ma maikulosikopu ogwiritsa ntchitokupereka chithunzi chatsatanetsatane, kulola madokotala ochita opaleshoni kuona zinthu zomwe sizingaoneke ndi maso, monga ulusi wa mitsempha, mitsempha yamagazi, ndi zigawo za minofu, motero zimathandiza madokotala kupewa kuwononga minofu yathanzi panthawi ya opaleshoni. Makamaka pa opaleshoni ya mitsempha, kukula kwakukulu kwa maikulosikopu kumalola malo enieni a zotupa kapena minofu yodwala, kuonetsetsa kuti m'mphepete mwa kuchotsedwa kwa mafupawo ndi bwino komanso kupewa kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yofunika kwambiri, motero kukweza ubwino wa kuchira kwa odwala pambuyo pa opaleshoni.

Ma microscope achikhalidwe ochitira opaleshoni nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi makina owonetsera okhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana, omwe amatha kupereka chidziwitso chokwanira chowoneka kuti athandizire zosowa zovuta za opaleshoni. Komabe, chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo mwachangu kwa ukadaulo wazachipatala, makamaka kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo wowonera, mtundu wa kujambula kwa ma microscope ochitira opaleshoni pang'onopang'ono wakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakukweza kulondola kwa opaleshoni. Poyerekeza ndi ma microscope achikhalidwe ochitira opaleshoni, ma microscope ofotokoza bwino kwambiri amatha kupereka zambiri. Mwa kuyambitsa makina owonetsera ndi kujambula okhala ndi mawonekedwe a 4K, 8K, kapena apamwamba kwambiri, ma microscope ochitira opaleshoni okhala ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri amathandiza madokotala ochita opaleshoni kuzindikira molondola ndikuwongolera zilonda zazing'ono ndi kapangidwe ka thupi, zomwe zimawonjezera kwambiri kulondola ndi chitetezo cha opaleshoni. Ndi kuphatikiza kosalekeza kwa ukadaulo wokonza zithunzi, luntha lochita kupanga, ndi zenizeni zenizeni, ma microscope ochitira opaleshoni okhala ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri samangowongolera kukongola kwa kujambula zithunzi komanso amapereka chithandizo chanzeru kwambiri pa opaleshoni, ndikuyendetsa njira zochitira opaleshoni kukhala zolondola kwambiri komanso zoopsa zochepa.

 

Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa microscope ya ultra-high-definition

Ndi luso lopitilira la ukadaulo wojambulira zithunzi, ma maikulosikopu apamwamba kwambiri pang'onopang'ono akuchita gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito kuchipatala, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo apamwamba kwambiri, luso lawo labwino kwambiri lojambulira zithunzi, komanso kuthekera kwawo kowonera zinthu nthawi yeniyeni.

Maso

Opaleshoni ya maso imafuna opaleshoni yolondola, yomwe imaika miyezo yapamwamba kwambiri pama microscope ochitira opaleshoni ya masoMwachitsanzo, mu opaleshoni ya cornea ya femtosecond laser, ma microscope opaleshoni amatha kupereka kukula kwakukulu kuti aone chipinda chakutsogolo, kudula pakati pa diso, ndikuwona malo a kudulako. Mu opaleshoni ya maso, kuunikira ndikofunikira kwambiri. Maikroscope sikuti imangopereka zotsatira zabwino kwambiri zowoneka bwino komanso mphamvu yochepa ya kuwala komanso imapanga kuwala kofiira kwapadera, komwe kumathandiza mu opaleshoni yonse ya cataract. Kuphatikiza apo, optical coherence tomography (OCT) imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu opaleshoni ya maso kuti iwonetse mawonekedwe a pansi pa nthaka. Imatha kupereka zithunzi zodutsa, kugonjetsa malire a maikroscope yokha, yomwe singawone minofu yaying'ono chifukwa cha kuyang'ana kutsogolo. Mwachitsanzo, Kapeller et al. adagwiritsa ntchito chiwonetsero cha 4K-3D ndi kompyuta ya piritsi kuti awonetse zokha chithunzi cha zotsatira za Microscope-integrated OCT (miOCT) (4D-miOCT). Kutengera ndi mayankho a ogwiritsa ntchito, kuwunika magwiridwe antchito, ndi miyeso yosiyanasiyana ya kuchuluka, adawonetsa kuthekera kogwiritsa ntchito chiwonetsero cha 4K-3D m'malo mwa 4D-miOCT pa maikroscope yoyera. Kuphatikiza apo, mu kafukufuku wa Lata et al., posonkhanitsa milandu ya odwala 16 omwe ali ndi glaucoma yobadwa nayo limodzi ndi diso la bull, adagwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu yokhala ndi ntchito ya miOCT kuti awone momwe opaleshoni imachitikira nthawi yeniyeni. Mwa kuwunika deta yofunika monga magawo a opaleshoni isanachitike, tsatanetsatane wa opaleshoni, zovuta pambuyo pa opaleshoni, kuwona bwino komaliza, ndi makulidwe a cornea, pamapeto pake adawonetsa kuti miOCT ingathandize madokotala kuzindikira kapangidwe ka minofu, kukonza maopaleshoni, ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo cha zovuta panthawi ya opaleshoni. Komabe, ngakhale kuti OCT pang'onopang'ono idakhala chida champhamvu chothandizira pa opaleshoni ya vitreoretinal, makamaka m'maopaleshoni ovuta komanso atsopano (monga chithandizo cha majini), madokotala ena amakayikira ngati ingathandizedi kukonza magwiridwe antchito azachipatala chifukwa cha mtengo wake wokwera komanso kuphunzira kwa nthawi yayitali.

Otolaryngology

Opaleshoni ya Otorhinolaryngology ndi gawo lina la opaleshoni lomwe limagwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu ochitira opaleshoni. Chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa mabowo akuya ndi mawonekedwe ofooka pankhope, kukulitsa ndi kuunikira ndikofunikira kwambiri pa zotsatira za opaleshoni. Ngakhale kuti nthawi zina ma endoscope amatha kupereka mawonekedwe abwino a malo opapatiza opaleshoni,ma microscope opangidwa opaleshoni okhala ndi tanthauzo lapamwamba kwambirikupereka kuzindikira kozama, kulola kukulitsa madera opapatiza a thupi monga cochlea ndi sinuses, kuthandiza madokotala pochiza matenda monga otitis media ndi nasal polyps. Mwachitsanzo, Dundar et al. anayerekeza zotsatira za microscope ndi njira za endoscope pa opaleshoni ya stapes pochiza otosclerosis, kusonkhanitsa deta kuchokera kwa odwala 84 omwe adapezeka ndi otosclerosis omwe adachitidwa opaleshoni pakati pa 2010 ndi 2020. Pogwiritsa ntchito kusintha kwa kusiyana kwa mpweya ndi mafupa asanayambe opaleshoni komanso atatha opaleshoni ngati chizindikiro choyezera, zotsatira zomaliza zinawonetsa kuti ngakhale njira zonse ziwiri zinali ndi zotsatira zofanana pakusintha kwa kumva, ma microscope opaleshoni anali osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito ndipo anali ndi nthawi yochepa yophunzirira. Mofananamo, mu kafukufuku woyembekezeredwa wochitidwa ndi Ashfaq et al., gulu lofufuza lidachita opaleshoni ya parotidectomy yothandizidwa ndi microscope pa odwala 70 omwe ali ndi zotupa za parotid gland pakati pa 2020 ndi 2023, kuyang'ana kwambiri kuwunika ntchito ya ma microscope pakuzindikira ndi kuteteza mitsempha ya nkhope. Zotsatira zake zinasonyeza kuti ma microscope anali ndi ubwino waukulu pakukonza bwino malo opangira opaleshoni, kuzindikira molondola thunthu lalikulu ndi nthambi za mitsempha ya nkhope, kuchepetsa kugwirana kwa mitsempha, ndi kutaya magazi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale chida chofunikira kwambiri pakulimbikitsa kuchuluka kwa mitsempha ya nkhope yosungidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, pamene opaleshoni ikukulirakulira komanso yolondola, kuphatikiza kwa AR ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zojambulira zithunzi ndi ma microscope opangira opaleshoni kumathandiza madokotala ochita opaleshoni kuchita opaleshoni yotsogozedwa ndi zithunzi.

Opaleshoni ya Mitsempha

Kugwiritsa ntchito tanthauzo lapamwamba kwambirima microscope opangidwa opaleshoni mu opaleshoni ya ubongowasintha kuchoka pa kuwona kwachikhalidwe kupita ku digito, augmented reality (AR), ndi thandizo lanzeru. Mwachitsanzo, Draxinger ndi anzake adagwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu pamodzi ndi makina opangidwa ndi MHz-OCT, kupereka zithunzi zapamwamba kwambiri zamitundu itatu kudzera mu 1.6 MHz scanning frequency, kuthandiza bwino madokotala opaleshoni kusiyanitsa pakati pa zotupa ndi minofu yathanzi nthawi yeniyeni ndikuwonjezera kulondola kwa opaleshoni. Hafez ndi anzake adayerekeza momwe maikulosikopu achikhalidwe amagwirira ntchito ndi makina ojambulira a microsurgical imaging system (Exoscope) oyesera opaleshoni ya cerebrovascular bypass, akupeza kuti ngakhale maikulosikopu inali ndi nthawi yochepa yosoka (P<0.001), Exoscope idachita bwino pankhani yogawa suture (P=0.001). Kuphatikiza apo, Exoscope idapereka mawonekedwe omasuka a opaleshoni komanso masomphenya ogawana, zomwe zimapereka zabwino zophunzitsira. Mofananamo, Calloni ndi anzake adayerekeza kugwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu achikhalidwe a opaleshoni pophunzitsa anthu ogwira ntchito za neurosurgery. Anthu khumi ndi asanu ndi mmodzi adachita ntchito zobwerezabwereza zozindikira kapangidwe kake pa zitsanzo za cranial pogwiritsa ntchito zida zonse ziwiri. Zotsatira zake zasonyeza kuti ngakhale kuti panalibe kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa nthawi yonse yogwirira ntchito pakati pa awiriwa, Exoscope idachita bwino kwambiri pozindikira zomangamanga zozama ndipo idawonedwa ngati yosavuta komanso yomasuka ndi ophunzira ambiri, ndipo ikhoza kukhala yotchuka mtsogolo. Mwachionekere, ma maikulosikopu opangira opaleshoni apamwamba kwambiri, okhala ndi zowonetsera zapamwamba za 4K, amatha kupatsa ophunzira onse zithunzi zabwino kwambiri za opaleshoni ya 3D, zomwe zimathandiza kulankhulana kwa opaleshoni, kusamutsa chidziwitso, komanso kukonza luso lophunzitsa.

Opaleshoni ya msana

Kutanthauzira kwakukulu kwambirima microscope opangidwa opaleshoniAmagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pa opaleshoni ya msana. Mwa kupereka zithunzi zapamwamba kwambiri za mbali zitatu, zimathandiza madokotala ochita opaleshoni kuona bwino kapangidwe ka msana, kuphatikizapo ziwalo zobisika monga mitsempha, mitsempha yamagazi, ndi minofu ya mafupa, motero kukulitsa kulondola ndi chitetezo cha opaleshoni. Ponena za kukonza scoliosis, ma microscope opaleshoni amatha kupititsa patsogolo kuwona bwino kwa opaleshoni komanso luso loyendetsa bwino, kuthandiza madokotala kuzindikira molondola kapangidwe ka mitsempha ndi minofu yodwala mkati mwa ngalande yopapatiza ya msana, motero kumaliza bwino komanso moyenera njira zochepetsera kupsinjika ndi kukhazikika.

Sun ndi anzake anayerekezera mphamvu ndi chitetezo cha opaleshoni ya m'mimba yothandizidwa ndi maikulosikopu ndi opaleshoni yachikhalidwe yotseguka pochiza ossification ya posterior longitudinal ligament ya msana wa khosi. Odwala makumi asanu ndi limodzi anagawidwa m'magulu othandizidwa ndi maikulosikopu (milandu 30) ndi gulu la opaleshoni yachikhalidwe (milandu 30). Zotsatira zake zinasonyeza kuti gulu lothandizidwa ndi maikulosikopu linali ndi kutaya magazi ambiri mkati mwa opaleshoni, kukhala kuchipatala, ndi kupweteka pambuyo pa opaleshoni poyerekeza ndi gulu la opaleshoni yachikhalidwe, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mavuto kunali kochepa mu gulu lothandizidwa ndi maikulosikopu. Mofananamo, mu opaleshoni yogwirizanitsa msana, Singhatanadgige ndi anzake anayerekezera zotsatira za kugwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu opangidwa ndi mafupa ndi magalasi okulitsa opaleshoni mu fusion ya lumbar ya transforaminal yomwe siikulowa m'malo mwake. Kafukufukuyu anaphatikizapo odwala 100 ndipo sanasonyeze kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa magulu awiriwa pakuchepetsa ululu pambuyo pa opaleshoni, kusintha kwa magwiridwe antchito, kukulitsa ngalande ya msana, kuchuluka kwa kusakanikirana, ndi zovuta, koma maikulosikopu inapereka mawonekedwe abwino. Kuphatikiza apo, maikulosikopu ophatikizidwa ndi ukadaulo wa AR amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu opaleshoni ya msana. Mwachitsanzo, Carl ndi anzake. Anakhazikitsa ukadaulo wa AR mwa odwala 10 pogwiritsa ntchito chowonetsera cha maikulosikopu chopangidwa ndi opaleshoni. Zotsatira zake zinasonyeza kuti AR ili ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kogwiritsidwa ntchito pa opaleshoni yowononga msana, makamaka m'mikhalidwe yovuta ya thupi komanso maphunziro a anthu okhala m'deralo.

 

Chidule ndi Kawonedwe

Poyerekeza ndi ma microscope achikhalidwe ochitira opaleshoni, ma microscope ochitira opaleshoni okhala ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri amapereka zabwino zambiri, kuphatikiza njira zingapo zokulitsa, kuunikira kokhazikika komanso kowala, makina owunikira olondola, mtunda wautali wogwirira ntchito, ndi malo okhazikika okhazikika. Kuphatikiza apo, njira zawo zowonera bwino kwambiri, makamaka kuphatikiza ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kujambula zithunzi ndi ukadaulo wa AR, zimathandiza bwino opaleshoni yotsogozedwa ndi zithunzi.

Ngakhale kuti ma microscope opangidwa opaleshoni ali ndi ubwino wambiri, akukumanabe ndi mavuto akuluakulu. Chifukwa cha kukula kwawo kwakukulu, ma microscope opangidwa opaleshoni okhala ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri amabweretsa mavuto ena ogwirira ntchito panthawi yoyendera pakati pa zipinda zochitira opaleshoni ndi malo ogwirira ntchito mkati mwa opaleshoni, zomwe zingakhudze kupitiriza ndi kugwira ntchito bwino kwa opaleshoni. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, kapangidwe ka ma microscope kakonzedwa bwino kwambiri, ndi zonyamulira zawo zowala ndi migolo ya lenzi ya binocular zomwe zimathandiza kusintha kosiyanasiyana kwa malekezero ndi kuzungulira, zomwe zimathandizira kwambiri kusinthasintha kwa magwiridwe antchito a zida ndikuthandizira kuyang'anitsitsa ndi kugwira ntchito kwa dokotala wa opaleshoni pamalo achilengedwe komanso omasuka. Kuphatikiza apo, chitukuko chopitilira cha ukadaulo wowonetsera wovala chimapatsa madokotala a opaleshoni chithandizo chowoneka bwino panthawi ya opaleshoni ya microsurgical, kuthandiza kuchepetsa kutopa kwa opaleshoni ndikuwonjezera kulondola kwa opaleshoni komanso luso logwira ntchito la dokotala wa opaleshoni. Komabe, chifukwa chosowa kapangidwe kothandizira, kuyambiranso kuyang'ana pafupipafupi ndikofunikira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kukhazikika kwa ukadaulo wowonetsera wovala ukhale wotsika poyerekeza ndi ma microscope opangidwa opaleshoni wamba. Yankho lina ndikusintha kwa kapangidwe ka zida kukhala ka miniaturization ndi modularization kuti zigwirizane ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana za opaleshoni. Komabe, kuchepetsa voliyumu nthawi zambiri kumaphatikizapo njira zochizira molondola komanso zida zowunikira zokwera mtengo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mtengo weniweni wopanga zidazo ukhale wokwera mtengo.

Vuto lina la ma microscope opangidwa opaleshoni yapamwamba kwambiri ndi kutentha kwa khungu komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuwala kwamphamvu kwambiri. Kuti apereke zotsatira zowoneka bwino, makamaka pamaso pa owonera ambiri kapena makamera, gwero la kuwala liyenera kutulutsa kuwala kwamphamvu, komwe kungawotche minofu ya wodwalayo. Zanenedwa kuti ma microscope opangidwa opaleshoni ya maso angayambitsenso poizoni wa kuwala pamwamba pa maso ndi filimu yong'ambika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti maselo a maso achepe. Chifukwa chake, kukonza bwino kayendetsedwe ka kuwala, kusintha kukula kwa malo ndi mphamvu ya kuwala malinga ndi kukula ndi mtunda wogwirira ntchito, ndikofunikira kwambiri pa ma microscope opangidwa opaleshoni. M'tsogolomu, kujambula kwa kuwala kungabweretse ukadaulo wojambula panoramic ndi kukonzanso kwa magawo atatu kuti kukulitse malo owonera ndikubwezeretsa molondola mawonekedwe a magawo atatu a malo ochitira opaleshoni. Izi zithandiza madokotala kumvetsetsa bwino momwe malo ochitira opaleshoni alili ndikupewa kusowa chidziwitso chofunikira. Komabe, kujambula panoramic ndi kukonzanso kwa magawo atatu kumaphatikizapo kupeza, kulembetsa, ndi kumanganso zithunzi zapamwamba nthawi yeniyeni, kupanga deta yambiri. Izi zimafuna kwambiri kuti ma algorithms okonza zithunzi agwire bwino ntchito, mphamvu ya makompyuta a hardware, ndi makina osungira zinthu, makamaka panthawi ya opaleshoni komwe magwiridwe antchito enieni ndi ofunikira kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti vutoli liwonekere kwambiri.

Ndi chitukuko chachangu cha ukadaulo monga kujambula zithunzi zachipatala, luntha lochita kupanga, ndi ma optical optics, ma microscope opangidwa opaleshoni okhala ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri awonetsa kuthekera kwakukulu pakukweza kulondola kwa opaleshoni, chitetezo, komanso luso logwira ntchito. M'tsogolomu, ma microscope opangidwa opaleshoni okhala ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri angapitirire kukula m'mbali zinayi izi: (1) Ponena za kupanga zida, miniaturization ndi modularization ziyenera kuchitika pamtengo wotsika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito yayikulu yachipatala ikhale yotheka; (2) Pangani njira zapamwamba kwambiri zowongolera kuwala kuti zithetse vuto la kuwonongeka kwa kuwala komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha opaleshoni yayitali; (3) Pangani ma algorithms anzeru othandizira omwe ali olondola komanso opepuka kuti akwaniritse zofunikira pakugwira ntchito kwa zida; (4) Phatikizani kwambiri machitidwe a opaleshoni a AR ndi robotic kuti apereke chithandizo cha nsanja yogwirira ntchito patali, ntchito yolondola, komanso njira zodziyimira pawokha. Mwachidule, ma microscope opangidwa opaleshoni okhala ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri adzasanduka njira yothandizira opaleshoni yomwe imaphatikiza kukulitsa chithunzi, kuzindikira mwanzeru, komanso mayankho olumikizana, zomwe zimathandiza kupanga njira ya digito yochitira opaleshoni yamtsogolo.

Nkhaniyi ikupereka chithunzithunzi cha kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo wofunikira kwambiri wa ma microscope opangidwa opaleshoni, makamaka pakugwiritsa ntchito kwawo ndi chitukuko chawo mu njira zopangira opaleshoni. Ndi kukulitsa kulondola, ma microscope opangidwa opaleshoni ...